Definition
| Causes
| Risk Factors
| Symptoms
| Diagnosis
| Treatment
| Prevention
Definition
Delirium tremens (DTs) is a severe disturbance of the brain caused by alcohol withdrawal.
Causes
DTs occur when a person who repeatedly drinks large amounts of alcohol suddenly stops or decreases the amount of alcohol consumed.
Risk Factors
These factors increase your chance of developing DTs:
- History of DTs
-
Other medical problems in addition to
alcohol abuse
- Brain damage
- Age: Older than 30 years
Symptoms
Symptoms usually begin 2-4 days after suddenly stopping or decreasing alcohol intake. Symptoms may include:
-
Anxiety
- Confusion / disorientation
-
Delirium
—changing levels of alertness
- Trouble sleeping
- Bad dreams
- Severe agitation
- Fever
- Hallucinations—the perception of a thing, voice, or person that is not present, both visual and auditory
- Delusions—a false belief that is strongly held
- Tremors of the hands, head, or body
- Severe sweating
- Rapid heartbeat
- Nausea
- Increased rate of breathing
- Increased blood pressure
- Increased body temperature
- Seizures
In severe cases, DTs can result in death, especially if untreated.
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The diagnosis of DTs is usually based on the symptoms and signs of the disorder. Tests may include:
- You may have your bodily fluid tested. This can be done with blood tests to measure liver function, blood clotting ability, or electrolytes.
-
You may need to have your brain function evaluated. This can be done with
electroencephalogram
(EEG).
-
You may need to have pictures taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with:
Treatment
Treatment can be difficult. DTs are likely to last for 5-7 days. Clearing of DTs may begin in 12-24 hours, but may take up to 2-10 days. Treatment for alcohol abuse is necessary after DTs are under control.
Treatment may include:
Medication
Medicines may include:
-
Sedatives to:
- Calm agitation
- Ease withdrawal symptoms
- Aspirin
or
acetaminophen
to lower fever
- Anti-seizure medicine
Vitamins and Fluids
Severe, life-threatening vitamin deficiency or
dehydration
may accompany DTs. Treatment may include:
Rehabilitation
Treatment for alcohol abuse may be done in a hospital setting or while living at home. It may involve individual or
group therapy
. Many people seek support by participating in groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
If you are diagnosed as experiencing DTs, follow your doctor's
instructions
.
Prevention
To prevent having DTs, do not abuse alcohol. If you do drink large amounts on a regular basis, do not suddenly decrease the amount or stop drinking on your own. Rather, get advice from your doctor on the safest way to lower your intake.