Definition
| Causes
| Risk Factors
| Symptoms
| Diagnosis
| Treatment
| Prevention
Definition
Viral pharyngitis is a sore, inflamed throat caused by a virus.
Causes
The following viruses are most likely to cause a sore throat:
Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
Risk factors include:
- Age: children
- Cigarette smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke
-
Living or working in close quarters such as:
-
Diabetes
-
Lowered immunity due to:
- Excess fatigue
- Poor eating habits
- Poor hygiene
- Recent illness
Symptoms
Symptoms include:
- Sore, red, swollen throat
- Trouble swallowing
- Decreased appetite
- Fatigue
- Swollen, tender lymph nodes in the neck and behind the ears
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Most viral sore throats are diagnosed based on the symptoms and examination of the throat. Sometimes the throat will be swabbed to make sure that the sore throat isn't due to a strep infection, which requires treatment with antibiotics.
Treatment
There are no treatments to cure a viral sore throat. Most cases of viral pharyngitis heal naturally within about one week.
Treatments to relieve symptoms until the infection heals include:
Over-the-Counter Pain Medication
Sore throat pain can be treated with acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
-
Note:
Aspirin
is not recommended for children or teens with a current or
recent viral infection. This is because of the risk of
Reye's
syndrome. Ask your doctor which other medicines are safe for your child.
Self-Care
- Gargling with warm salt water can help relieve a sore throat.
- Using throat lozenges every couple of hours can help relieve sore throat and cough.
- Drink plenty of fluids. Hot drinks and soups can be very soothing for a sore throat.
- Consider running a cool-mist humidifier. It can help keep your nasal passages moist and reduce congestion (two factors that can worsen a sore throat).
Prevention
To reduce your chance of getting a viral sore throat:
- Practice good hygiene, including careful hand washing.
- Don't share food or beverages with other people.
- Avoid areas where people are smoking.
Viral sore throat is a “diagnosis of exclusion.” That means it's diagnosed when a sore throat is present and
strep
is considered unlikely. Even in the absence of strep, some types of sore throats need further tests or treatment.
Be sure to seek care if your sore throat is worsening. Call your doctor if you have new or serious symptoms, especially difficulty breathing, weakness, chills, or the sore throat is not resolving within the time frame that your doctor predicted.