Smaller Larger

Vitamin B6 by Mary Calvagna, MS

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin. Water-soluble vitamins are stored in the body in very limited amounts and are excreted through the urine, so it is a good idea to have them in your daily diet.

Functions

Vitamin B6's functions include:

Helping amino acid and protein metabolism
Enabling red blood cell metabolism
Helping the nervous system function efficiently
Helping the immune system function efficiently
Converting tryptophan (an amino acid) to niacin (a vitamin)
Enabling the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Aiding in the metabolism, transportation, and distribution of selenium
Assisting in the metabolism of calcium and magnesium

Recommended Intake:

Age Group (in years)	Recommended Dietary Allowance
Age Group (in years)	Females	Males
1-3	0.5 milligrams (mg)	0.5 mg
4-8	0.6 mg	0.6 mg
9-13	1.0 mg	1.0 mg
14-18	1.2 mg	1.3 mg
19-50	1.3 mg	1.3 mg
Pregnancy	1.9 mg	n/a
Lactation	2.0 mg	n/a
51 +	1.5 mg	1.7 mg

Vitamin B6 Deficiency

Primary deficiency of vitamin B6 is rare—most foods contain the vitamin. Secondary deficiency may result in certain situations, including malabsorption, alcoholism, some medicines, and cigarette smoking. Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency include:

Skin inflammation and irritation
Glossitis (sore or inflamed tongue)
Confusion
Depression
Irritability and nervousness
Fatigue and sleepiness
Cheilosis (cracking and scaling of the lips)
Convulsions
Anemia

Vitamin B6 Toxicity

The tolerable upper intake level (UL) for vitamin B6 from dietary sources and supplements combined is 100mg per day for adults. Symptoms of vitamin B6 toxicity include:

Muscle incoordination
Numbness of the hands and feet
Nausea
Skin sores

Major Food Sources

Food	Serving Size	Vitamin B6 Content (mg)
Breakfast cereal, fortified 25%	¾ cup	0.5 (check Nutrition Facts label)
Beef liver, pan fried	3 ounces	0.9
Potato, boiled	1 cup	0.4
Banana	1 medium	0.4
Chicken breast, roasted, no skin	3 ounces	0.5
Garbanzo beans, canned	½ cup	1.1
Turkey, meat only, roasted	3 oz	0.4
Ground beef, 85% lean	3.0 ounces	0.3
Spagetti sauce	1 cup	0.4
Waffles, ready to heat	1 waffle	0.3
Mixed nuts, dry roasted	1 ounce	0.1
Rice, white, enriched	1 cup	0.1
Tuna, fresh	3 ounces	0.9
Raisins, seedless	½ cup	0.1
Spinach, frozen, boiled	½ cup	0.1
Tofu, raw	½ cup	0.1

Health Implications

Populations at Risk for Vitamin B6 Deficiency

The following populations may be at risk for vitamin B6 deficiency and may require a supplement:

People Who Consume Excessive Amounts of Alcohol
People with poor kidney function
People with autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and ulcerative colitis

Vitamin B6, Homocysteine, and Heart Disease

Homocysteine is an amino acid normally found in the blood. Studies have shown that elevated blood levels of homocysteine can be a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Because vitamins B6, B12, and folic acid are required for the metabolism of homocysteine, it is thought that a deficiency of any of the three may increase the level of homocysteine in the blood. One would think that taking these vitamins as supplements may offer protection from heart disease. However, clinical trials do not support this idea.

Morning Sickness

There is evidence that high levels of B6 can help alleviate the symptoms of morning sickness during pregnancy.

Areas of Research That Have Not Been Supported by Clinical Data

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)—There has been much anecdotal evidence that vitamin B6 can help relieve the symptoms of PMS (depression, irritability, bloating, mastalgia). However, clinical trials have failed to support this idea.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—There is no evidence to support the idea that B6 can ease carpal tunnel syndrome.

Tips for Increasing Your Vitamin B6 Intake

To help increase your intake of vitamin B6:

Sprinkle kidney beans or garbanzo beans on a salad
Opt for a fortified breakfast cereal—one that is high in fiber—in the morning
Slice a banana into your oatmeal or cereal
If you take a vitamin supplement, make sure it contains vitamin B6

RESOURCES:

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics http://www.eatright.org
American Society for Nutrition http://www.nutrition.org/

CANADIAN RESOURCES:

Dietitians of Canada http://www.dietitians.ca/
Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/

References:

Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B6. National Institutes of Health website. Available at: http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/. Accessed July 21, 2012.
Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated October 2, 2011. Accessed July 21, 2012.
Pyridoxine. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated May 16, 2011. Accessed July 21, 2012.
Vitamin B6. EBSCO Natural and Alternative Treatments website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/thisTopic.php?marketID=15&topicID=114. Updated August 2011. Accessed July 21, 2012.

Last reviewed July 2012 by Brian P. Randall, MD

All EBSCO Publishing proprietary, consumer health and medical information found on this site is accredited by URAC. URAC's Health Web Site Accreditation Program requires compliance with 53 rigorous standards of quality and accountability, verified by independent audits. To send comments or feedback to our Editorial Team regarding the content please email us at HLEditorialTeam@ebscohost.com.

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.