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Herpes Zoster Vaccine by Diana Kohnle

What Is Herpes Zoster?

Herpes zoster , also known as shingles, is a viral infection. It is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person has recovered from chickenpox, the virus lies inactive in the body. The virus can be activated later in life, returning as shingles. This typically occurs in people who are age 50 years and older.

The virus returns for unknown reasons. Some causes may include stress or a weakened immune system. Typically, it returns one time with only one episode of symptoms. However, more than one episode can occur. It is a common illness in the US.

The virus that causes shingles can be spread to people who have not had chickenpox. These people would get chickenpox, not shingles.

The most common symptoms of shingles include:

Painful skin that turns into a rash
A rash of red, painful blisters
Rash often occurs only on one side of the body
Blisters that break open, then scab over
Fever, headache, chills
Abdominal discomfort

Shingles and its symptoms typically get better over time. Antiviral medications, like acyclovir , may be given to help the symptoms go away faster.

Possible complications include long-term nerve pain. Other complications are lesson common, but serious, such as blindness, deafness, brain inflammation, and death.

What Is Herpes Zoster Vaccine?

This vaccine is a live, weakened form of the varicella zoster virus. It is given as a shot under the skin.

Who Should Get Vaccinated and When?

The vaccine is recommended for adults aged 60 years and older. One dose is typically given.

What Are the Risks Associated With the Herpes Zoster Vaccine?

Common, minor side effects: local soreness, swelling, or itching
Less common, moderate side effects: headache
Rarely, anaphylaxis

Who Should Not Get Vaccinated?

You should not get the vaccine if you:

Have a weakened immune systems due to medications or other health conditions.
Have an allergy to gelatin or neomycin.
Are moderately or severely ill. Wait until you have recovered.
Are or may be pregnant.

What Other Ways Can Shingles Be Prevented Besides Vaccination?

You cannot get shingles if you have never had chickenpox. However, you may get a severe case of chickenpox. If you had chickenpox, you are at risk for shingles. Getting the vaccine can reduce your risk.

What Happens in the Event of an Outbreak?

During a shingles outbreak, varicella zoster virus can be spread to people who have not had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine. People who have not had chickenpox should get the chickenpox vaccine .

WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?
American Academy of Dermatology http://www.aad.org
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke http://www.ninds.nih.gov

References:

Shingles (herpes zoster). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/index.html . Updated January 10, 2011. Accessed May 31, 2013.
Shingles vaccine: What you need to know. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-shingles.pdf. Updated October 6, 2009. Accessed May 31, 2013.
Tseng HF, Liu A, Sy L, et al. Safety of zoster vaccine in adults from a large managed care cohort: a vaccine safety datalink study. J Intern Med. 2011 Oct 25.
Tseng HF, Smith N, Sy LS, Jacobsen SJ. Evaluation of the incidence of herpes zoster after concomitant administration of zoster vaccine and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. Vaccine. 2011;29(20):3628-3632.
Zoster. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/what.php. Updated May 20, 2013. Accessed May 31, 2013.
Zoster vaccine live. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/what.php. Updated February 4, 2013. Accessed May 31, 2013.

Last reviewed May 2013 by Brian Randall, MD

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